Environmental science and pollution research international 2019 v. Pdf new record of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Effect of elevated co on interactions betwe en the western. Ir4 ornamental horticulture program thrips efficacy. Pdf evaluation of host plants for the production of the. Seasonal abundance of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis in the arava valley of israel. Today, the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande 4 biology and behavior western flower thrips has a punchingsucking feeding habit, using the mandible to punch a hole into the host and then inserting the maxillae into the opening. The spread of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a highly invasive pest, infesting many species of plants worldwide, but few studies have investigated the visual and olfactory cues associated with their foraging behaviors. Whether frankliniella occidentalis, the vector of tswv is associated with the disease was looked into by. Management of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Ultralow oxygen treatment for postharvest control of. Proceedings of the hawaiian academy of sciences 22.
Potential use of the fungus beauveria bassiana against the. Methods for collecting and rearing thrips thysanoptera. The maxillae then ingest the fluids from the cells, but not directly from the vascular tissue. Volatiles collected by entrainment of a solvent extract of f. They overwinter as adults in the orchard floor or in nearby weedy habitat. Western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis is a major global pest of agricultural products. The lifecycle of the western flower thrips varies in length due to temperature, with the adult living from two to five or more weeks, and the nymph stage lasting from five to 20 days. They feed with piercingsucking and rasping mouthparts. Biology and pest status of western flower thrips 7 biology and ecology of the western flower thrips thysanoptera. Ctenidia present on tergite viii and it lies anterior to spiracle. Life history and life tables of western flower thrips.
Ministry of agriculture and lands thrips identification with the exception of the striped e. Aside from damage due to feeding, its ability to act as a vector for viruses makes it particularly problematic. Research open access a new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis in protected crops zayed s abdullah1, bethany pj greenfield1, katherine j ficken2, james wd taylor1, martyn wood1 and tariq m butt1 abstract. Sakimura k 1976 frankliniella chrysanthemi synonymous with f. Traps can be hung in branches of trees or on posts in fields adjacent to the crop. Thysanoptera, frankliniella occidentalis, thrips palmi, dominance, temporal dynamics, spatial distribution frankliniella occidentalis pergande, western flower thrips wft figure 1a and thrips palmi karny, melon thrips mt figure 1b were among the main insect pests detected in commercial cultivation of orchids under netting in. The most severe outcome of the widespread interspecific competition that occurs between invasive organisms and their local congeners is species displacement. Adults of some species in this family can have a reduced wing micropterous form along with the winged macropterous form e. Fumigant effect of essential oils on mortality and fertility of thrips frankliniella occidentalis perg author. The behavioural responses of adult female western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande to volatiles from meadowsweet filipendula ulmaria, bay laurel laurus nobilis and sage salvia officinalis were investigated in laboratory bioassays. While both onion thrips thrips tabaci and western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis can attack onions, generally, the onion thrips is more common and serious. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, which originated from western north america, has invaded much of the agricultural world since the 1970s, and in so doing, has become a dominant thrips species.
Frankliniella occidentalis wikibooks, open books for an. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande home pest management western flower thrips western flower thrips wft are a pest of various stone fruit. Frankliniella occidentalis was the most abundant vector and comprised 75% of vector species collected from 18 wild plant species during the summer and fall of 2002. Earlyseason feeding under the shuck by adults and nymphs scars the fruit. Frankliniella fusca and frankliniella occidentalis. Frankliniella occidentalis an overview sciencedirect. Western flower thrips wft is the primary thrips species encountered by greenhouse producers and is extremely polyphagous, feeding on a widevariety of horticultural crops grown in both commercial and research greenhouses brodsgaard. Each female may lay 40 to over 100 eggs in the tissues of the plant, often in the flower, but also in the fruit or foliage.
Evaluation of host plants for the production of the thrips frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. We describe a taqman realtime quantitative pcr detection system, which can rapidly identify f. A necrosis disease of chrysanthemum caused by tomato spotted wilt virus was reported in recent years in tamil nadu, a southern state of india. Thrips in the genera frankliniella flower thrips and thrips also spread plant diseases through the transmission of viruses, such as tospoviruses. Thripidae is one of the most significant agricultural pests globally because of the damage it is able to inflict on a wide range of crops. In this study, the distance traveled by wft to locate yellow cards using only visual cues and visual cues plus olfactory cues was studied first. It was introduced and became established in north florida in the mid 1980s. Fumigant effect of essential oils on mortality and. Frankliniella species all have a pair of setae in front of the first ocellus.
Adult thrips are typically small 12 mm in length, slender insects, with two pairs of wings in the adult stage e. Adult females lay individual eggs on the small fruit inside of the flower resulting in halo spots. Thrips identification is key to management the first important step in any pest management program is the accurate identification of the pest. A compound microscope can be used for slide mounts and will show additional details only visible at high magnification 100x. Thrips may be on yellow sticky traps or in alcohol. Eleven species of phytoseiid mites, the eulophid ceranisus menes walker, and various anthocorid bugs were reared in the laboratory, together with f. Smaller, tan thrips on left is the onion thrips thrips tabaci. Key species in strawberries western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis plague thrips, thrips imaginis onion thrips, thrips tabaci. Thrips are tiny winged pests, only about 120 of an inch in size. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Id is important for biological control because natural enemies are often specific to just one pest or group of pests. Reitzb, jing wanga, patricia tamezguerrac, endong wanga, xuenong xua and zhongren leia astate key laboratory for biology of plant diseases and insect pests, institute of plant.
Chilli thrips scirtothrips dorsalis gladiolus thrips thrips simplex privet thrips dendothrips ornatus weeping fig thrips gynaikothrips uzeli western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis authors. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis management on ornamental crops grown in greenhouses. It causes damage and spoilage to a vast number of economically important plant species through feeding, oviposition and spread of several plant diseases, most notably. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis p. Flower thrips frankliniella tritici western flower thrips wft frankliniella occidentalis onion or tobacco thrips thrips tabaci table 2. The thrips population was initially dominated by males, but by mid. A new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips. Thrips management in greenhouses fact sheet fs762 2012 of the many species of thrips commonly found in greenhouses, flower thrips frankliniella tritici, western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis and chilli thrips scirtothrips dorsalis are most problematic. At a point when approximately 6065% of wft on traps were female approximately 2030 females per trap, the overall density of thrips on traps and in the crop increased rapidly, resulting in severe damage to immature fruit. The life history of frankliniella occidentalis pergande was studied at six different temperatures on english cucumbers, cv. Pdf identification of thrips species and resistance of.
Larger yellowish thrips on the right is the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Thripidae is a major agricultural and horticulture pest worldwide kirk, 2002. The western flower thrips is the predominant species in the high plains, roll ing plains, and transpecos areas fig. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, has a worldwide distribution and is considered the primary vector of plant diseases caused by tospoviruses. It directly damages crops through feeding, oviposition activity or transmission of several plant viruses. Usdaars, 1636 e alisal street, salinas, ca 93905, usa received 3 january 2008. Effects of pretreatment storage on lettuce quality yongbiao liu. Competitive interaction between frankliniella occidentalis.
Pronotum with 2 pairs of large setae on anterior margin. Stepanycheva, elena, petrova, mariya, chermenskaya, taisiya, pavela, roman source. Thripidae, to the insec cides malathion, bifenthrin, and spinosad in the stat es of. General information about frankliniella occidentalis franoc. The omnivorous thrips, frankliniella occidentalis switches from phytophagy on cotton to predation on spider mites on cotton in response to induction of secondary metabolites in the plant agrawal et al. The key pest thrips in pepper and eggplant is the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. Feeding by the adults and larvae can result in flecking on the surface of fruit and under heavy infestations, fruit deformity. Management strategies for western flower thrips and the. Ultralow oxygen treatment for postharvest control of western. General efficacy summary on western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis across infestation levels, crops, application types and application rates petunia, portulaca, rose, verbena, and zinnia. Thrips vectors of tospoviruses journal of integrated. The western flower thrips is a major agricultural and garden pest, affecting hundreds of cultivated and weedy species. Taqman realtime quantitative pcr for identification of.
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